Nigeria, july 2008 2 of slaves flowed north across the sahara for a millennium, ending only at the beginning of the twentieth century. Colonial administration generix content colonial administration generix pro is an online exam preparation tool for jamb, waec, neco and common competitions and scholarships in nigeria. The emir was assisted in his administration by a number of office holders. It attempts to justify that both colonial and post colonial civil service. He however noted that he will take a penetrating analysis of the following notable pre colonial systems in nigeria.
Even with the formal administration, taxation was not centralized. By procreation and extension, the number of kingdoms increased, each ruled by an oba and. In this writeup, you will have the opportunity to learn about what actually transpired in nigeria during the colonial days. Precolonial nigeria and the europeans fallacy abayomialli mayowa1 abstract in other to achieve colonialism and political subjugation by the europeans in nigeria, the british lead government represented mainly by trade companies set about to proselytize the people to a new politics and ruler ship. Nigeria before colonialism precolonial administration in. Hausafulani precolonial political administration pre. The igbo system of government as a result of the existence of many political institutions in igbo land, there was no centralization of power among the igbo.
This paper examines the trend in the educational development of nigeria from pre colonial times to the present, with a view to highlighting the progress made and problems encountered on the way. The agrarian societies depended very much on tilling the land for. Pdf british colonial economic policy in nigeria, the. There were no chiefs compared to yoruba and hausafulani pre colonial administration. This paper traces the impact of colonialism on the development of marketing in nigeria. Treasures in trusted hand negotiating the future of colonial cultural. And of course, this country has quite a history behind it. British influence in the region began with the prohibition of slave trade to british subjects in 1807. Nigeria by a slogan wazobia, the wa in it means come in both yoruba and igala yet. S e p t e m b e r 2 0 1 1 these were states or societies which existed in africa before the coming of the europeans. The formal british administration in nigeria began in 1861. After the british government assumed direct control of the royal niger companys territories, the northern areas were. Criminal justice in the precolonial, colonial and post. Beckman and sachikonye 2001 drawing from the work of andrae and beckman 1992 use the concept labour regimes to explore economic policies and their corresponding forms of social orders that affect how labour is regulated.
Traditional native rulers, however, administered various territories under the supervision of the colonial authorities. The impact of colonialism on the development of management in nigeria. The africans had tried to forge political, social, and economic institutions for proper management of their. This article argues that the shifts in the colonial administration after world war one should be analyzed from two intertwined perspectives. The evolution, development and practice of federalism in. She expanded the territory of the hausa people of north africa to its largest borders in history. Pdf precolonial african societies robert mutongole. Nairaland forum nairaland general politics pre colonial traditional political system in nigeria 2851 views checkout a village court in uyo in 1949 where colonial officers presidepic musiliu obanikoro.
Precolonial political system in nigeria yoruba traditional. The yoruba people claim to have originated from ileife. A historical and comparative analysis of colonial and post. One of the most important female figures in nigeria s history, warrior queen, amina of zaria was the first woman to become the sarauniya queen. Health sector development in precolonial, colonial and post colonial africa dr. Britains colonial administrations and developments, 1861. This was particularly the case in the northern and western parts of nigeria, where the existing systems of traditional administration provided the colonial. The british empire eventually secured nigeria and started to implement its own taxes. Precolonial traditional political system in nigeria. A major distinguishing factor in the pre colonial political organization between the igbo people of nigeria and their other ethnic neighbours was the republican nature of their administration. Precolonial political systems in nigeria hausafulani political system the fulani took over the political leadership of the habe hausa states in the early 19th century. Firstly the new international system of the mandates and its language of development, and secondly the concrete colonial situations in africa. An effect of colonialism especially in the former british colonized countries was the transplantation of the british legal system, which led to recognition of both systems and the gradual relegation of the indigenous system otherwise called customary law. Although the paramountcy of chiefs was undone by colonial rule, traditional rulers have served as important adjuncts in the administration of post colonial government in both africa and oceania.
Colonial nigeria was the era in the history of nigeria when the region of west africa was ruled by great britain in from the midnineteenth century until 1960. A post development perspective 1imoh imoh itah,2luke amadi 3 roger akpan 1 department of public administration, akwa ibom state university, obio akpa campus. A look at the balance sheet of colonial rule in nigeria shows that it left more negative heritages than positive ones. The british conquest of benin in 1897, and the imposition of colonial rule brought benin under british colonial administration. Within nigeria, slavery was widespread and bore social implications that are still evident. Finally, the igbo society is segmentary, republican and sovereign in nature. It takes a look at the pre colonial marketing practices of the nationstates and kingdoms and the development or otherwise of marketing during the era of colonialism in nigeria. If you have been attentive while studying the history of nigeria, youll remember that the territory of our country was occupied by different ancient civilizations. More specifically, we present an overview of the indigenous, quranic and the westerntype education before and after independence.
The precolonial period during the pre colonial era, resource management in the interior of kenya depended very much on whether a group was agrarian or pastoral. In other words, different types of state systems and societies existed. They can be found in the northern part of nigeria covering areas like kaduna, sokoto, kano, zaria, etc. Nigeria and some western museums about the benin objects in their. Precolonial political administration in yoruba land. Hausafulani precolonial political system in nigeria. Whereas the hausafulani and the yoruba, for example, operated a centralized system of. It is pertinent to briefly examine the pre colonial economic infrastructure, to enable us understand better the state of infrastructure in the pre colonial nigeria, before we can now adequately delve into the revolutions in the railway sector and its economic effects on the nigerian colonial economy.
It means traditional systems preceded the era of colonialism. The establishment of british colonial administration brought the introduction of cash crops economy to nigeria as elsewhere in africa. This paper examines the evolution of the chieftaincy, particularly as an agent of administration, in west africa niger and nigeria and melanesia vanuatu. An overview pre colonial nigeria the first point to note is that the pre colonial epoch was not a static era during which all social and political systems existed in a finished and final form. However, thepre colonial nigeria symbolises the methods or ways by which nigerians govern themselves before the advent of colonialism. Colonial rule was not a benevolent political system. That administration was further fragmented into the northern, eastern, and western regions maintained from 1922 to 1957, with the federal.
Sep 24, 2014 pre colonial nigerian history posted on september 24, 2014 by spencer griffin bivens 1 comment when talking about nigeria and its history, one must take into account how young of a country nigeria actually is. The most serious threat to the influence and privileges of women occurred during the 20th century, when patriarchy combined with colonial changes to alter gender relations. There is a widened western educational gap between the north and south of nigeria with the predominantly muslim areas of the north lagging behind due to some historical antecedents. Postwar colonial administration africa international. Indirect rule was common in british colonies and it was introduced by an eminent colonial governor by the name of lord lugard, who implemented when he was the governor of northern nigeria from 19001906 and the whole nigeria from 19121920, the approach was involving the identifying the local power structure kings, chiefs or headmen. But with the invasion of britain, nigeria and pre colonial administration in yoruba, and other ethnic groups tried to protect their political system but couldnt succeed. Pre colonial political systems in nigeria hausafulani political system the fulani took over the political leadership of the habe hausa states in the early 19 th century. Colonialism, customary law and the postcolonial state in. The legend further states that oduduwa, the father of the race, had seven sons who later became the first set of seven yoruba. Nigeria has been home to a number of ancient and indigenous kingdoms and states over the millennia. Learn about all the pre colonial systemsadministrations in nigeria such as the hausafulani pre colonial political system, igbo pre colonial political system, yoruba pre colonial political system and more.
The precolonial political administration in yoruba land had a decentralized structure i. His seminal work played a critical role in establishing postcolonial african literature. The notables he noted are the yoruba, hausafulani and igbo pre colonial political system. Hausafulani people of northern nigeria precolonial. Labour in african history trends and organisational forms.
However, theprecolonial nigeria symbolises the methods or ways by which nigerians govern themselves before the. The igbo pre colonial political system was described by scholars as acephalous, a term which means leaderless, headless or chiefless. For about a century, the british colonial masters took full control of the political, economic and even the social life of the people called nigerians today. We are going to focus specially on those days between 1900 and 1960. The colonial and precolonial eras in nigeria this project is based on the goal of explaining an event in the relatively recent past by working progressively further into the past to uncover more and more information that seems to bear on the issues. Britains colonial administrations and developments. The origin of these cultures, however, is a mystery. The main political institutions among the igbos were the ohana eze the town assembly, the king or rulers, the council of elders or chiefs and the age grade.
The export economy in precolonial nigeria began to be dominated by human cargo, or enslaved people, when the dutch began to dominant trading relationships in the 17 th century and the british in the 18 th century bashir salau. An abstract of the thesis of efiong isaac utuk for the master of science in teaching presented november 3, 1975. British colonialism in nigeria by farida aboulezz on prezi. Britains colonial administrations and developments in nigeria 18611960. The most common explanation advanced by the colonial administration centered. In that time, lagos was named the crown colony of the region. Lugged then became governor of colonial nigeria a policy still regarded by nigerians today as the mistake of 1914. The purpose of this paper is to examine the historical and comparative analysis of colonial and post colonial civil service in nigeria and to probe issues connected with nigerianisation of the civil service. Precolonial period in nigeria precolonial political. Library of congress federal research division country profile. A comparative analysis of local government administration in. Before the advent of the british in yoruba land, yoruba kingdoms maintained an orderly and unified political system which is still in effect till today.
At the one extreme, there were states with centralized administration and hierarchical. Igbo precolonial political system or administration. The most deceived in the nigerian political system. Department of marketing, university of calabar, calabar, nigeria. The impact of colonialism on the development of management. Precolonial political systems in nigeria hausafulani. Although nigeria stands out by its low level of net public. Igbo traditional political system hausafulani pre colonial system of administration it was based on emirate system. Precolonial ethnic institutions and contemporary african.
We will not talk about the times bc, we would like to discuss the pre colonial nigeria before it was annexed. English colonial policy and the economy of nigeria by edwin g. The modern state originated from british colonial rule. As male chiefs collaborated with the british colonial administration in collecting taxes and governing, the position of female chiefs declined in importance. During their reign the colonial administrators made. History of social work in nigeria gives an account of social work in precolonial and colonial era in nigeria, and the nature of social work in post colonial nigeria with emphasis on growing social. British colonial rule in nigeria lasted for about one century from the mid 19th century to the mid 20th century. D were smelting iron ore, arose in what is today northwestern and north central nigeria, to bornus west. This term is considered suitable for describing the igbo pre colonial political system because it was decentralized and based on village and direct democracy where everyone has the authority to contribute to decision making.
The precolonial political administration in yoruba land is one of the most popular among the precolonial systems administrations in nigeria. This paper as a point of departure attempts to explore the pre colonial political administration in one of the so. It discovered that the principles that guided the operations of politics in the pre colonial era were more. In line with the british colonial policy of providing raw. The history of nigeria can be traced to prehistoric settlers nigerians living in the area as early as 1100 bc.
Exploring the nexus jide ibietan1, peter ndukwe2 abstract the main objective of this paper is to examine the nature and challenges of local government administration in nigeria using the localist theory as framework of analysis. Prior to the colonization exercise in many parts of africa, traditional societies had their own systems of adjudication responsible for the. Local government is also considered as a government at the grassroots level of administration meant for meeting peculiar grassroots needs of the people. Comparative analysis of nigerian educational system. Taking advantage of the artificial nature of the former colonial boundary, we use it as a discontinuity within a national demographic survey. Nigeria before colonialism precolonial administration in nigeria ever before the commencement of colonialism, the people of what later became known as nigeria were living under different administration or political arrangements. Instead, political institutions were performing similar or.
History of nigeria 1500 1800 the history of the territories which since ca. As a result of the existence of many political institutions in igbo land, there was no centralization of power among the igbo. To deal with this problem, we focus on the west african nation of cameroon, which includes regions colonized by both britain and france. The legend further states that oduduwa, the father of the race, had seven sons who later became the first set of seven yoruba kings oba to rule the various yoruba kingdoms. Mozambique, niger, nigeria and chad while new states initially marginalized local chiefs, when. Pdf the impact of colonialism on the development of. After the british government assumed direct control of the royal niger companys territories, the northern areas were renamed the protectorate of northern nigeria, and the land in the niger delta and along the lower reaches of the river was added to the niger coast protectorate, which was renamed the protectorate of southern nigeria. Pre and post colonial ibo festivals holidays adobe spark. Local government administration in nigeria and the localist. Educational policy in nigeria from the colonial era to the. The system of government adopted is monarchical in nature popularly regarded as a highly centralized method of administration. It points out that what the colonialists did or failed to do to develop marketing theory. Britain annexed lagos in 1861 and established the oil river protectorate in 1884.
An overview precolonial nigeria the first point to note is that the precolonial epoch was not a static era during which all social and political systems existed in a finished and final form. Mar 16, 2014 nigeria before colonialism pre colonial administration in nigeria ever before the commencement of colonialism, the people of what later became known as nigeria were living under different administration or political arrangements. The hausa cultures, which as early as the 7th century a. Pre colonial judicial administration the judicial system in nigeria has evolved and metamorphosed over the decades depending on the type of government structures in place, and the system of governance. My personal knowledge as a nigerian who had witnessed the colonial rule for about a decade is used sparingly. New forms of constitution and politics were developed.
The pressure, threats and european influence had a major impact on many old systems of government, which had to adjust to changing times. Kisangani encyclopedia of life support systems eolss made up provinces headed by town governors, who were also chief priests in charge of temple revenue in many parts of ancient egypt. What was pre colonial administration in nigeria like in the olden days. Hausafulani pre colonial system of administration 2. Hausafulani precolonial political system can be credited to the holy jihad fought by uthman danfodio in 1804. Achebe also taught africana studies at brown university. Islam reached nigeria through the borno empire between 1068 ad and hausa states around 85 ad during the 11th century. Precolonial political systems in nigeria archives oldnaija. One of the major political institutions that controlled the affairs of villages was the council of elders which comprised heads of families that held staff of authority called ofo title holders these elders headed their respective extended families and the most senior member. Numerous ancient african civilizations settled in the region that is today nigeria, such as the kingdom of nri, the benin empire, and the oyo empire. The impliations of ritish olonial eonomi poliies on nigerias development adeyeri, olusegun adejuwon, kehinde david abstract. The centres of colonial administration at the t ime were.
The british dependencies of northern and southern nigeria were merged into a single territory in 1914, and a legislative council, initially with limited african representation was created in 1922. Precolonial political administration in yoruba land oldnaija. Ever before the commencement of colonialism, the people of what later became known as nigeria were living under different administration or political arrangements. Mar 30, 2014 hausafulani precolonial political system can be credited to the holy jihad fought by uthman danfodio in 1804. Pre colonial traditional political system in nigeria politics nairaland. Pre colonial political systems in nigeria hausafulani political system the fulani took over the political leadership of the habe hausa states in the early 19th century. Colonial nigeria was the era in the history of nigeria when the region of west africa was ruled by great britain in from the midnineteenth century until 1960, when nigeria achieved independence. The jihad that followed this occupation was seen as a religious one as well as political. The result indicates that colonialism is a subspecies of oppression and that the severity of punishment changes in the nigerian law during the colonial era that is, changes from the personal injury and property crimes of the pre colonial era to the political crimes of the colonial era was geared to the maintenance needs of operation.
The village administration was made up of kindreds who had patrilineal relationship called umunna. Grfy this thesis is to indicate the positive british role in developing nigeria during the colonial period to the point that effective selfgovernment became. Olusola atilola, nigeria land administration reform in nigerian fig congress 2010 facing the challenges building the capacity sydney, australia, 1116 april 2010. Usman dan fodio led the fulani jihad and took over the political leadership of. Instead, political institutions were performing similar or different functions. Nigeria the colonial economy, 18601960 posted by on 35. Nigeria is rich in oral history, and, although it is. Colonialism and colonial administrative system in africa. Nigeria was known as colonial nigeria and was mostly controlled by the british. However, thepre colonial nigeria symbolises the methods or ways by which nigerians govern themselves before the. Below is a list of seven pre colonial historical figures in nigeria s history. The contradiction of british colonial taxation in benin nigeria ub. The most interesting fact is that the accused were taken to court and colonial administration abides by court judgments which to some extent appear as a respect to the rule of law which did not affect jungle justice in forms of victimization to journalists who criticised government.
Oduduwa had seven sons who later founded the first seven kingdoms of the yoruba land and these kingdoms were united under a central leader known as the alafin of oyo misunderstanding, jealousy and hatred made the first seven kingdoms of yoruba to split into fourteen new kingdoms and the central leadership to change. Local government administration in nigeria and the localist theory. British colonial officer initially a captain who conquered and ruled n nigeria from 1900 to 1914 the year he effected the amalgamation of the two protectorates of n and s nigeria. Irian, while the dutch colonial administration spoke about new guinea. Colonialism became a fact of life in many african countries. The cartographic legacy of colonial administration in nigeria ica.
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